Oncogenes asociados al cáncer oral
Palabras clave:
Oncogen, protooncogen, amplificación, carcinoma de células escamosasResumen
Introducción: la Organización Mundial de la Salud acoge al termino cáncer como “Un amplio grupo de enfermedades que pueden afectar a cualquier parte del cuerpo; también se habla de «tumores malignos» o «neoplasias”. Objetivo: describir la asociación de la célula oncogén y el cáncer oral. Método: se realizó una investigación de tipo bibliográfica, documental, exploratoria y no experimental, cualitativa mediante una búsqueda de artículos en bases de datos como: Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Dentistry and Oral. Desarrollo: por sí solos los oncogenes no son suficientes para la formación de un tumor su importancia radica en su estrecha relación con el proceso de carcinogénesis. Cabe destacar que es un proceso multifactorial y se destaca la importancia de los oncogenes ya que poseen una estrecha relación con la fase de iniciación del tumor así con la fase de promoción y progresión de este, así como con la formación de la fase de metástasis. Conclusiones: en materia oncogénica en relación con el cáncer oral se ha descrito varios oncogenes importantes que se han visto alterados o mutados especialmente en neoplasias de cabeza cuello y cáncer oral de células escamosas es así que destaca como principal mutación causante de este tipo de patología en protooncogén la familia ErbB con un subtipo que se ha visto evidente en la mayoría de las neoplasias a nivel bucal como es el EGFR, por su parte la familia Ras destaca a sus subtipos N y K ras que propician directamente la génesis del cáncer oral.
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