Characterization of non-communicable diseases in elderly people in Pinar del Río

Abstract

Introduction: population aging constitutes a global challenge due to pluripathology, especially non-communicable diseases. Objective: to characterize non-communicable diseases in the elderly at Medical Office 12 of the Pedro Borras Astorga Polyclinic in the Pinar del Río municipality, during the year 2023. Method: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional research, with a universe of 269 elderly people and a sample of 266 according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Individual Medical Records were reviewed and a survey was applied to all the elderly. Result: the majority of the elderly (47, 36 %) are between 60 and 69 years old, are female (56,01 %) and have white skin (80,82 %). The non-communicable diseases with the highest incidencewere high blood pressure (71, 80 %) and diabetes mellitus in 60 (22, 55 %). The most frequent complications turned out to be retinopathies (10, 52 %) and cardiovascular disease (5,26 %). The treatments most used by the elderly were diuretics (35,07 %), and oral hypoglycemic agents by 70, 00 % of the elderly. In the sample studied, 32, 70 % of the elderly have polypharmacy. Conclusions: non communicable diseases constitute a health problem for the elderly in medical office 12 of the Pedro Borrás Astorga Polyclinic in Pinar del Río. Those with the highest incidence were Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus and its most frequent complications, retinopathies and Cardiovascular Disease. Diuretics and oral hypoglycemics are the drugs most used by the sample studied.