Molecular alterations and cellular response in carcinogenesis

Abstract

Introduction: neoplasias are diseases whose origin is still being investigated and whose treatment shows only partial efficacy; they are the abnormal multiplication or growth of cells in a tissue of the human body. This is due to a stressful agent that entails, over time and duration, a modification in the affected cells, producing carcinogenesis or cancer is a malignant neoplasia that can grow rapidly, spread and cause damage to the body. Objective: to describe the molecular alterations and cellular response in carcinogenesis. Development: tumor progression cannot be analyzed without considering the microenvironment where it develops; the genetic and epigenetic alterations that lead to neoplastic transformation not only establish constitutive and redundant intracellular signals that confer on the transformed cell the ability to evade the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that control oncogenesis, but also influence other cell populations that make up the tumor microenvironment. Conclusions: carniogenesis has a significant impact on the environment, where exposure to chemical compounds and toxins related to the work environment constitute major risk factors for its development. The effects of carcinogenesis are observed in various contexts and population groups, which underlines its broad relevance in human health.