Timely diagnosis of anatomical variants of the biliary tract in reducing the surgical risk of hepatobiliary complications
Keywords:
Iatrogenesis, surgical injuries, Biliary tract, VariantsAbstract
Introduction: biliary tract diseases represent a very common medical problem, often requiring emergency interventions, affecting approximately 10 % of the adult population and the prevalence increasing with age. Approximately 35 % of this population could be affected by complications and symptoms that could require a cholecystectomy. Objectives: describe the importance of timely diagnosis of anatomical variants of the biliary tract in reducing the surgical risk of hepatobiliary complications. Methods: A systematic review was carried out, with scientific articles published in the period 2016-2022, in PubMed, MedLine, Cochrane, Scielo databases. The PRISMA diagram was implemented as a tool, taking as inclusion criteria related to the anatomical variants of biliary treatment, full texts, with a predominance of 6 years of publication. Results: injuries to the bile ducts during surgery can lead to major complications, such as cholangitis, biliary cirrhosis, portal hypertension and death. Diagnosis by imaging and execution by experienced surgeons has managed to reduce the risk and morbidity associated with liver and bile duct surgeries. Conclusions: the development of diagnostic technologies and new surgical techniques has achieved a decrease in morbidity and incidence of complications in bile duct injuries. In general, bile duct cuts are produced due to ignorance of the anatomical variants of the biliary tree after cholecystectomy, both in open and laparoscopic surgery, and is linked to perceptual error and the surgeon's inexperience.
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