Therapeutic options in patients diagnosed with hemolytic uremic syndrome

Abstract

Introduction: hemolytic uremic syndrome is a serious disease that primarily affects renal function and can present systemic complications. Its therapeutic management has evolved significantly in recent years, with the development of new strategies and therapeutic agents that seek to improve patient prognosis. Objective: describe the therapeutic management in patients diagnosed with hemolytic uremic syndrome. Methods: a bibliographic review was conducted using a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational analytical design, with information collected from scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Elsevier. Development: in the management of typical hemolytic uremic syndrome, supportive therapy is based on isotonic volume expansion to correct diarrhea-induced hypovolemia, especially in normotensive patients without signs of fluid overload. In contrast, the treatment of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome has advanced with the use of monoclonal antibodies, particularly eculizumab, which has demonstrated significant efficacy in controlling atypical forms and extrarenal manifestations. Conclusions: monoclonal antibodies, especially eculizumab, demonstrate significant efficacy in the treatment of atypical forms of hemolytic uremic syndrome and extrarenal manifestations; however, their therapeutic range in typical forms associated with ETEC is limited and controversial. Conservative treatment, aimed at adequate fluid therapy, is more advisable, avoiding the need for renal replacement therapy and reducing hospital admissions and mortality.